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- Total duration of examination is X minutes.
- Total number of questions are 100, which contains 100 questions of English.
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Answering a Question :-
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Marking Scheme :-
- 1 marks will be awarded for each correct answer.
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- No marks will be deducted for un-attempted questions
SECTION
Directions: In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Select the most appropriate option to fill in each blank.
Reports in recent weeks suggest that Russian intelligence gravely miscalculated the Ukrainian ___(1)___ before the war. When the Kyiv regime stayed put in the face of Russia’s multi-axis assault, the Russian generals had to change their ___(2)___, from lightning strikes across the country to a focused ground invasion in the east. Even that was made complicated by Ukraine’s resistance, which got military and financial ___(3)___ from the West. As the war dragged on, the West’s ___(4)___ to punish Russia only hardened, leading to crippling sanctions on the Russian economy. So, Mr. Putin is now in a spot, despite the limited battlefield gains of his troops: managing the sanctions-hit economy itself is a tall task; continuing the war would be costly, and there is no ___(5)___ that he would meet his strategic goals through a long-term war. And for Ukraine, despite its resistance capabilities and the support from the West, taking back territories using force remains ___(6)___. So, to break the ___(7)___, what both sides can do is agree to a ceasefire and start direct talks seeking a political solution. The UN and Turkey-mediated talks that saw a ___(8)___ in July in shipping grain from Ukraine’s ports via the Black Sea are a model worth being followed. Regional players with communication lines open to Moscow and Kyiv should ___(9)___ them to come to the table. If a war of ___(10)___ is allowed to grind on, it would continue to hurt all stakeholders, besides holding the global economy hostage.
Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 7.
Sentences of a paragraph are given below in jumbled order. Arrange the sentences in the correct order to form a meaningful and coherent paragraph.
A. So the problems of India should not be viewed as the failure of this great nation.
B. The uniqueness of this nation lies in its unity in diversity due to which there are problems here and there at times.
C. India, a very large country with many religions, many mini-cultures and many languages, has been achieving success in all fields.
D. But even small countries with monolithic societies have more problems than this second largest country.
Select the most appropriate ANTONYM of the Bold word.
Lucy presented a lucid account of her achievements before the committee.
Read the following passage carefully and certain words in the passage are printed in bold letters to help you locate them easily while answering some of these questions.
The Indian economy is currently passing through aphase of relatively slow growth. However, this should not cloud the fact that over the nine-year period beginning 2005-06, the average annual growth rate was. 7.7 per cent. Against this background, the relevant question is whether India has the capability to grow at 8 to 9 per cent in a sustained way. In short, what is the potential rate of growth of India?
Normally, potential growth is measured using trends with some filters. In one sense, these are backward-looking measures, since they depend on historically observed data. In the case of measuring capacity utilisation in manufacturing, the maximum capacity is very often taken as the maximum output achieved in the recent period. Perhaps, in the case of determining the potential rate of growth of the economy also, one can take the maximum growth rate achieved in the recent past as the lowest estimate of the potential. However, this assumption will be valid only if there is reason to believe that the maximum growth rate achieved in the recent past was not a one-off event and that the growth rate achieved was robust and replicable.
India achieved a growth rate of 9.5 per cent in 2005-06, followed by 9.6 per cent and 9.3 per cent in the subsequent two years. After declining a bit in the wake of International financial crisis, the growth rate went back to 8.9 per cent in 2010-11. In many ways the growth rate achieved in the high phase period of 2005- 06 to 2007-08 was robust. The domestic savings rate during this period averaged 34.9 per cent of GDP. Similarly, the gross capital formation rate averaged 36.2 per cent. The current account deficit (CAD) remained low with an average of 1.2 per cent of GDP. Agricultural growth during this period averaged 5 per cent, and the annual manufacturing growth rate was 11 per cent. The capital flows were large but as the CAD remained low. the accretion to reserves amounted to $144 billion. Inflation during the period averaged 5.2 per cent. The combined fiscal deficit of the Centre and States was 5.2 per cent of GDP, well below the stipulated 6 per cent.Thus on many dimensions the growth rate was robust.
Unlike in the 1980s when the pick-up in growth was accompanied by deterioration in fiscal deficit and current account, the sharp increase in growth between 2005-06 and 2007-08 happened with the stability parameters al desired levels. Also, a booming external environment provided good support.
To assess whether the high growth phase can be replicated, we need to understand the factors that led to the slowdown since 2011-12. Complicating the analysis of this period is the revision of national income numbers with a new base. The two sets of numbers. present a somewhat differing picture. According to the earlier series, the growth rate of the Indian economy fell below 5 per cent in 2012-13 and 2013-14. But the new series shows a decline below 5 per cent only in 2012- 13. For 2013-14, the new series records a growth rate of 6.6 per cent, as against 4.7 per cent according to the earlier estimate. For 2014-15 and 2015-16, there is only one set of numbers, that is, according to the new series. For both the years the growth rate is above 7 per cent. These are good growth rates under any circumstance,let alone the current global situation. Anyway, we have come down from the growth rate of 9-plus per cent which we had seen earlier.
Three sets of reasons are attributed for the slowdown. First, the external environment had deteriorated sharply. The recovery from the crisis of 2008 was tepid. One country after another in the developed world came under pressure. Strangely. however, international commodity prices including crude oil prices remained high until a couple of years ago. All this had an adverse Impact on developing countries, including India. However, it would be wrong to attribute the slowdown in India primarily to external factors. The domestic factors are the key. Second, there were severe supply bottlenecks. Agricultural production fell sharply in 2009-10 because of a severe drought. This triggered an inflation which lasted for several years thereafter. Coal output fell. Iron ore output fell, partly because of court decisions. The third set of reasons is basically non-economic which led collectively to a weakening of investment. A multitude of issues relating to scams and perceived delays in decision- making created an element of uncertainty in the minds of investors. New investments began to fall.
The rise in investment rate must be supported. by a rise in the domestic saving rate. An increase in investment rate supported by a widening current account deficit is not sustainable and is fraught with serious consequences. Only a current account deficit in the region of 1 to 1.5 per cent is sustainable. Incremental capital output ratio is a catch-all variable which is influenced by a host of factors. Obviously, it depends on technology. It also depends upon the skill of the labour force which in turn depends on the quality of the education system. Another catch-all expression "ease of doing business" is also relevant (i.e.) bureaucratic hurdles which impede speedy execution of projects need to be removed. Thus Improving the productivity of capital needs action on several fronts. Making a prediction about the future is always hazardous. Many things can go wrong. The Indian economy in the recent past has shown that it has the resilience to grow at 8 to 9 per cent. Therefore achieving the required investment rate to support such a high growth is very much in the realm of possibility. However, we need to overcome the current phase of declining investment rate. Investment sentiment is influenced by non-economic factors as well. An environment of political and social cohesion is imperative. Equally, we can get the incremental capital- output ratio (ICOR) to a lower level. Raising the productivity of capital will require policy reforms including administrative reforms as well as firm-level Improvements. The "potential" to grow at 8 to 9 per cent at least for a decade exists. We have to make it happen.
(The topic of the Passage asked in the exam was based on the economic changes in the last 50 years)
On the basis of the given passage, which of the following options cannot be inferred?
Select the option that can be used as a one-word substitute for the given group of words.
Copying someone else’s work and trying to submit as your own
Comprehension:
In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Read the passage carefully and select the most appropriate option to fill in each blank.
Science, according to popular (1)______is a remote and enigmatic idea that is (2)______the comprehension of ordinary minds and peace-loving people. This is most likely why the words 'scientist' and 'mad' have been used interchangeably for centuries. But, given that science is the foundation upon which our lives are built, isn't it (3)______that science appears to be beyond the common mind's comprehension? Similarly, mathematics, the (4)______of science, gives meaning to the concept of quantification and (5)______value for us humans. There are a few examples of how science and mathematics rewire our brains, just go and check.
Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 5.
Comprehension:
In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Read the passage carefully and select the most appropriate option to fill in each blank.
We need the energy to move and we (1) _________ on oil for it. Without it, our jobs, our free time and our mobility (2) _________ all be very different. Every day we (3) _________ 70 million barrels of oil. Every year we consume 2,200 million tonnes of coal and 2,500 billion cubic metres of gas. It’s a long story! Total (4) _________ in 1924, and for many years it was a French state oil company. In 1999, Total joined Petrofina, the Belgian oil and gas company, and in 2000, Total (5) _________ with its main French competitor, Elf Aquitaine, and the name became Total Fina Elf. Now it’s called Total again, and it’s France’s biggest company.
Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank no. 5.
Comprehension:
In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Read the passage carefully and select the most appropriate option to fill in each blank.
The cornea, a transparent covering, and a spherical lens make up the eye's lens system, jus tlike any other camera. The retina is a kind of ‘reusable film’. This is the (1)________ for images. The size of the opening, the shape of the lens and the movements of the eye are all controlled by various sets of muscles.
There are three things that happen when you look at an object:
1. To fit on the retina, your eye's tiny ‘screen’, the image must be reduced in size.
2. It is necessary to focus the scattered light at the retina's (2) ________.
3. To match the retina's curve, the image must be curved.
The image is focused on the retina by the lens and cornea working (3) ________. When the eye is unable to focus the image onto the retina, the majority of vision problems occur. The cornea is reshaped during laser eye surgery, which alters the eye's focal point. The primary objective is to precisely focus the image on the retina, just like in an ordinary eye. The corneas of most people are either too long or too short. In the first scenario, corneal flattening is accomplished through laser eye surgery. The cornea is reshaped in the latter scenario by becoming rounder. This corneal tissue is amazing because it heals and rebonds immediately, (4) ________ the need for stitches.
To make precise cuts as (5) ________ as a quarter micron in length, a laser beam is sharply focused. A laser can remove 0.5% of a human hair's width at once, and the typical human hair has a diameter of fifty microns! Although they are able to significantly improve their vision,many laser eye surgery patients never attain normal vision.
Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank no. 4.
Comprehension:
In the following passage some of the words have been deleted. Read the passage carefully and select the corret answer for the given blank out of the four alternatives
In Switzerland these glacial meltwaters are (1)_____for hydropower. in fact water falling on 93% of Switzerland ultimately passes (2)_____at least one electric power plant before even (3)_____the country so one consequence is that melting glaciers help to (4)______for low rainfall in times of drought, filling reservoirs supply the nation's (5)____ supply.
Select the most appropriate option to fill in the blank No. 4.
In the following passage there are blanks each of which has been numbered. These numbers are printed below the passage and against each five words are suggested one of which fits the blank appropriately. Find out the appropriate word in each case.
A long time ago, Anansi the spider, had all the wisdom in the world (96) in a huge pot. Nyame, the sky god, had given it to him. Anansi had been instructed to share it with everyone. Anansi greedily thought, "I will not share the treasure of knowledge with everyone. I will keep all the wisdom for myself." So, Anansi decided to (97) the wisdom on top of fa tall tree. He then tied the loose end around his waist so that the pot hung in front of him. He then started to climb the tree. Anansi's son watched in fascination as his father (98) up the tree. Finally, Anansi's son told him "If you tie the pot to your back, it will be easier to cling to the tree and climb." Anansi tied the pot to his back (99), and continued to climb the tree, with much more ease than before. When Anansi got to the top of the tree, he became angry. "A young one with some common sense knows more than 1, and I have the pot of wisdom!" In anger, Anansi (100) down the e pot of wisdom. The pot broke, and pieces of wisdom flew in every direction.
1.) stored
2.) accumulated
3.)put
4.)gained
5.)measured
Comprehension:
Read the given passage and answer the question that follows.
On woody plants known as vines, luscious, smooth-skinned berries called grapes grow in dense clusters. In particular, grapes are grown in France, Italy, Spain, Australia, Chile, Romania, Georgia, South Africa and California, all of which have warm summers and moderate winters. Table grapes are larger and sweeter grapes that are intended for fresh consumption. To create wine, 80% of the grapes are crushed. The fermentation process turns grapes into wine. To make raisins, grapes must also be dried.
Grapes ripen in the area of California in August. They are cut from the vines and left on trays to dry for two to three weeks. So, to transform them into raisins, they are further cooked and steeped in particular treatments. According to studies, one acre of grapes can make roughly 15,000 glasses of wine on average. Grapes of the Thompson, Flame, Ruby, Perlette and Tokay varieties are popular.
In which region do grapes ripen in August?
Parts of a sentence are given below in jumbled order. Select the option that arranges the parts in the correct order to form a meaningful sentence.
A. The prosperity and business acumen
B.Mumbai and Kolkata indicate that in the commercial sector
C. Of the great industrial and commercial houses in
D.India has a considerable potential for modernisation
Comprehension:
In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Read the passage carefully and select the most appropriate option to fill in each blank.
Acupuncture, a system of treatment of diseases, has been practiced (1)____China for nearly five thousand years. It consists of rapid (2)_____of fine steel needles, about 6 cm long, in particular (3)_____on the body of the patient. After this, the doctor twirls the needle (4)_____his thumb and forefinger. When a puncture is made on a spot on the body, energy (5)_____from there along lines known as "meridians" to the diseased organs.
Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank no. 5.
Identify and correct the INCORRECTLY spelt word in the given sentence. The Collector paid floral tributes to the statue of Mahatma Gandhi after hosting the flag.
The following sentence has been divided into parts. One of them contains an error. Select the part that contains the error from the given options.
We forgot/ to wish Susan / in her birthday / this year.
Find the part of the given sentence that has an error in it. If there is no error, choose "No error'.
The greatly truths in life are usually the most unpleasant to hear.
Find the part of the given sentence that has an error in it. If there is no error, choose "No error'.
Neither I nor my friends are going too walk down that street.
Comprehension:
In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Read the passage carefully and select the most appropriate option to fill in each blank.
The world is going through a deep recession. At such a time, one thing we need in abundance is jobs for the semi-skilled and unskilled. This is the only way in which equal (1)____ of wealth can take place. The healthcare industry is ideally poised to occupy this position. The IT industry hires people from the upper-middle strata and rich families, usually engineers, (2)____ the health care industry hires nurses, to the tune of eighty per cent of the jobs created, from the lower economic strata. Global health care is a 4.5-trillion rupee industry, second only to the agro industry. Even then, health care (3)____ only eight per cent of the world’s population. Policymakers should look at the health care industry as not only an industry which addresses pain but also as one which can (4)____ the economy. The last century was driven by machines that addressed human toil and it is strongly believed that this century will be driven by health care. This, however, will only happen if policy makers make a conscious effort to (5)____ the right policies in place soon.
Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank no. 1.
Select the most appropriate synonym of the given word.
Reckless
Comprehension:
In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Read the passage carefully and select the most appropriate option to fill in each blank.
His only (1) _____was that he had no rifle. While running away from the village below, he had forgotten the rifle in a hurry. An unpardonable (2)_____but it was now too late to make amends for it. (3)______he had the rifle, his pursuers would not have dared follow him with such brazen confidence. He would have hidden behind a rock and waited for them. As they came within his rifle's range, he would have picked them off one by one. But now he could do (4)_____about it. He was unarmed. But come what may, he must (5)______ of their rifle's range.
Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 4.
Comprehension:
In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Read the passage carefully and select the most appropriate option to fill in each blank.
Girls have been the 1._____of many crimes in India for years. The most fearful crime was female foeticide, in which girls were killed in the 2._____of the mother after sex determination through ultrasound. 'Save the Girl Child' 3.______has been launched by the government to end gender-selective abortions of female foetuses as well as other crimes 4.______ the girl child.
Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 2.
Improve the underlined part of the sentence. Choose 'No improvement' as an answer if the sentence is grammatically correct.
He started a newly jobs on Tuesday.
Comprehension:
In the following passage some of the words have been left out. Read the passage carefully and select the correct answer for the given blank out of the four alternatives.
The initial two Russian PWR types at the Kudankulam site (1)____apart from India's three-stage plan (2)____miclear power and were simply to increase generating capacity (3)_____rapidly. Now there are (4)_____for eight 1000 MWe units at that site, and in January 2007 a memorandum of understanding was (5)____for eight for Russia.
Select the most appropriate option for blank (5)
Select the most appropriate meaning of the underlined idiom.
Getting the long-awaited promotion is a milestone in her career.
Choose the correct meaning of the underlined word in the given sentence.
Don't you think the dog would need a kennel to stay?
Select the most appropriate word to fill in the blank.
____studies show that students who are not given adequate preparation are prone to failure.
Select the most appropriate option to fill in the blanks.
Fingernails and toenails helped our _________ to climb trees, peel fruits and use simple tools. While their colour and condition offer clues about your ________health. Nail polish turns them into fashion accessories.
A sentence has been given with a blank to be filled with an appropriate option. Choose the correct alternative.
She kept pictures of her parents all_____ the house.
Select the most appropriate synonym of the given word. Repulsive
Select the option that expresses the given sentence in direct speech.
Gogol offered me to go to the market in his car.
Select the most appropriate option that can substitute the Bold segment in the given sentence.
I have not seen you for last year.
Directions: Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow by choosing the correct/most appropriate options:
It was our first trip after marriage, and my husband and I decided to visit Fiji. Being explorers we were most excited to see their second-largest island, Vanua Levu. The night before the trip, our travel broker sent us a message that the hotel had lost our reservation details. So eight hours before we were supposed to leave for the airport, they had to scramble to find a reservation for us. The hotel was a four-hour drive from the airport, and we were unsure if we would even be accommodated.
We got to the airport and we were told at one check-in desk that we had to board the flight from the opposite side of the airport. Not only did we have to run through the San Francisco Airport with our 40-pound hiking packs, but we also had to run through security because we were going to miss our boarding time. We dashed through security but, as we boarded, realized that they had overbooked the plane, and two of us were not on board and we were left behind.
The airline lost half of our baggage, and we were forced to make the trip without it. During our layover to take off from LAX to Fiji, someone had a heart attack, and the flight attendants were frantically looking for a doctor. Luckily there was one on board, and the person made it off in time. Now two hours delayed, we made the 11-hour flight to Fiji.
Everything went smoothly for two weeks, but on the way back, our flight was delayed due to bad weather, and we were stuck on the airport floor. The two of us had some mysterious stomach bug that made us extremely ill for 24 hours. I remember sleeping on the floor, wrapped in my sleeping bag, crying because I was so sick and just wanted to get home. By the time we landed in San Francisco, we were mentally exhausted. We left the airport at 3 a.m. and made the three-hour drive back home! It was such a wild experience but has been our favourite anecdote to tell at gatherings.
According to the passage from which city were the couple boarding their flight?
Select the most appropriate option to fill in the blank.
I find that students nowadays are not interested in _________ letters by hand.
Select the most appropriate option that can substitute the Bold segment in the given sentence.
He said that I have finished my work.
Identify the segment that contains a grammatical error. If there is no error, select 'No error'
She's considered one/ of a best young/ directors in Hollywood.
Sentences of a paragraph are given in jumbled order. Arrange the sentences in the correct order to form a meaningful and coherent paragraph.
A. Instead, they are constrictors, meaning they squeeze their prey to death before swallowing it whole.
B. Agile on water but awkward on land, the green anaconda is one of the largest snakes in the world.
C. Most people assume that anacondas are very poisonous, but they are actually non-venomous.
D. At 29 feet long and 550 pounds, these snakes are huge!
Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below them.
Animals of all sorts live together in various ecosystems. Within these natural communities, the animals eat specific diets that connect them together in a food chain. The three diets of animals include creatures that eat only plants, those that eat only meat, and animals that eat both plants and meat. Animals that eat plants exclusively are herbivores, and animals that eat only meat are carnivores. When animals eat both plants and meat, they are called omnivores. The balance of an ecosystem depends on the presence of every type of animal. If one type of animal becomes too numerous or scarce, the entire balance of the ecosystem will change.
Carnivores will feed on herbivores, omnivores, and other carnivores in an ecosystem. A natural community depends on the presence of carnivores to control the populations of other animals. Large carnivores include wolves and mountain lions. A large carnivore might hunt down large herbivores such as elk and deer. Medium-sized carnivores include hawks and snakes, and these animals typically feed on rodents, birds, eggs, frogs, and insects. Examples of small carnivores include some smaller birds and toads. These carnivores may eat insects and worms. Carnivorous animals have strong jaws and sharp teeth to enable them to tear and rip prey. These animals often have long, sharp claws that they also use to tear prey. Carnivores depend on sufficient prey in the food chain to give them the food they need. If the herbivore population or the population of other adda carnivores declines in an ecosystem, carnivores may not survive.
With a diet comprised of only plants, herbivores can be surprisingly large animals. Examples of large herbivores include cows, elk, and buffalo. These animals eat grass, tree bark, aquatic vegetation, and shrubby growth. Herbivores can also be medium-sized animals such as sheep and goats, which eat shrubby vegetation and grasses. Small herbivores include rabbits, chipmunks, squirrels, and mice. These animals eat grass, shrubs, seeds, and nuts. An ecosystem must provide _______ (1) plants to sustain herbivores, and many of them spend the majority of their lives eating to stay alive. If plant availability declines, herbivores may not have enough to eat. This could cause a decline in herbivore numbers, which would also impact carnivores. Herbivores usually have special biological systems to digest a variety of different plants. Their teeth also have special designs that enable them to rip off the plants and then grind them up with flat molars.
Omnivores have an advantage in an ecosystem because their diet is the most diverse. These animals can vary their diet depending on the food that is most plentiful, sometimes eating plants and other times eating meat. Herbivores have different digestive systems than omnivores, so omnivores usually cannot eat all of the plants that an herbivore can. Generally, omnivores eat fruits and vegetables freely, but they can't eat grasses and some grains due to digestive limitations. Omnivores will also hunt both carnivores and herbivores for meat, including small mammals, reptiles, and insects. Large omnivores include bears and humans. Examples of medium-sized omnivores include raccoons and pigs. Small omnivores include some fish and insects such as flies. Omnivore teeth often resemble carnivore teeth because of the need for tearing meat. Omnivores also have flat molars for grinding up food.
Which of the following words is most opposite in meaning with SUFFICIENT, highlighted in the given passage?
Which of the phrases given in the options should replace the word phrase that is underlined in the sentence to make it grammatically correct? If the sentence is correct as it is and no correction is required, select 'No correction required' as the answer.
Although he is my subordinate, he is more senior than me in service.
The following sentence has been split into four segments. Identify the segment that contains a grammatical error.
Ajit asked me / how could I solve / the complex puzzle / so easily.
Comprehension:
In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Read the passage carefully and select the most appropriate option to fill in each blank.
Once there were two brothers. One brother was (1)_____poor farmer. He worked in the fields, and (2)____the weather was bad, he (3)_____no food. But he was kind and worked a (4)_____The other brother was a rich man (5)_____worked on a ship. He was not kind and often cheated people.
Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank no. 1.
Select the most appropriate option to fill in the blank.
We're asking them to _____the deadline.
Rearrange the following five sentences (A), (B), (C), (D) and (E) in the proper sequence to form a meaningful paragraph and then answer the questions given below.
(A) Crucially, this loss of sheen is reflected in the account books of the sport's controversial administrator, among the richest in the world.
(B) The total income that was distributed by BCCI among players is reduced because of lower income from media rights.
(C) Television viewership for the game has dropped 40% to a weekly 61 gross rating points (GRPs).
(D) A Board of Control for Cricket in India official said, however, that this was because India wasn't playing enough at home.
(E) Cricket seems to be losing its crowd-pulling power.
Which of the followings is the FIFTH sentence of the final sequence?
The following sentence has been split into four segments. Identify the segment that contains a grammatical error.
Guard over / making mistakes/by carefully checking/the assigned task.
Select the most appropriate meaning of the given idiom.
A storm in a teacup
Identity the correct spelling of the Bold word.
Medical termnalogy, is difficult to understand.
Select the most appropriate ANTONYM of the given word.
Frugality
Select the option that expresses the given sentence in passive voice.
Rahul knows Shahbaz since childhood.
Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. Certain words have been printed in bold to help you to locate them while answering some of the questions.
Brexit has evoked a spate of comments. These comments fall into broadly two categories. The first set of comments focusses on the short-term and medium- term impact of Brexit on the U.K., Europe and the rest of the world including India. The second goes into the reasons behind this decision of the British. Globalisation has been interpreted in many ways. In broad terms, globalisation denotes the free movement of goods,services, capital, funds, Ideas, technology and people across countries. Many people think globalisation is a recent phenomenon. This is not true. This has been going on for centuries. What has made it unique in recent times is the speed of the movement. Great Britain and many other countries in Europe have reached the present level of economic development only because of this free movement. In both demographic and geographic terms, Britain is a small country. It is not the size of the domestic market that determined its growth.. London could not have emerged as the financial centre. of the world but for the free flow of capital.
The gamut of financial services offered by
London is geared to meet world demand and not that of Britain alone. Even after the exit from the EU, Britain cannot remain as an isolated island. It has to be part of an international trade regime which allows for free trade. What then could have motivated a little more. than 50 per cent of the population to come out of the EU? It has something to do with the nature of the relationship within the EU. The EU has evolved over the last seven decades. From a loose arrangement, it has become a light bureaucratic organisation with its Jurisdiction extending to multifarious activities. When
the euro was created as a common currency, Britain opted out of it. The European Central Bank sets a common monetary policy stance for all member countries. This itself has been a source of irritation to many member countries. This came out prominently at the time of the Greek crisis, With the loss of one Instrument of control namely, the exchange rate variation the entire burden of adjustment had to be through employment and output changes. As one commentator put it, the EU has moved up its aspiration from the idea of 'common' market to 'single market. It is this transition which half of Britain has resented. The complex set of regulations emanating from Brussels has made at least a section of the British people feel that they have lost 'independence'. Some of the elite of Britain who voted to 'leave' feel this way. They think that control has moved to unelected bureaucrats in Brussels. What has Induced the 'non-elite' to vote for Brexit was the EU's migration policy. The free movement of people has been the last straw that broke the camel's back. The low-paid Jobs in the U.K. have been taken over by migrants predominantly from Eastern Europe. In an economy which has been growing slowly (even though the U.K. is a better performer than other European countries in recent years), this has come as a shock. The spirit of 'nationalism still runs high. The poor in Britain feel that they have been cheated by the migrants. Absorbing migrants is not new for Britain. The Asian and African migrants constitute significant proportion of the population. All this happened when the economy was strong and growin But this is not the situation now, and the resentment in one sense natural. However, looked at globally, the poor in the countries from which people migrate hav benefited. The British have also gained to the extent that the free movement of people has enabled highly skilled professionals to find positions all over Europe. The 'leave vote thus was motivated by two considerations: one, the degree of integration that the FU was trying to impose, and two, the migration policy which allowed a free movement of people across countries. Globalisation is not really the devil. If the EU arrangement had been restricted only to free movement of goods, services, capital and funds, it could not have led to any deep resentment. It is the attempt at greater economic integration that has been interpreted as a loss of sovereignty and resented. Globalisation, with its emphasis on efficiency (since goods and services will get produced at the least cost centres), can lead to greater inequality theoretically. Within a country also, the more efficient including professionals gain disproportionately. This situation. gets worse if economies are growing slowly. The U.S. has always prided itself on saying that the system they have is 'people's capitalism. Inequalities do not matter much when economies are growing strongly and when new entrants to the labour force find employment easily. Countervalling measures are needed to take care of the adverse impact of globalisation. For this reason, we cannot throw the baby out with the bathwater. The developed countries face a serious dilemma. They have reached a stage in their development when further growth will be slow. This will have implications for absorbing the labour that gets added to the market. Complicating the situation is technological development which is increasingly labour-saving. New technologies have a twofold impact. First, they reduce the demand for labour in general. Second, in particular they make unskilled and semi-skilled work redundant. They demand new skills for which retraining may be needed. Distribution of Income has thus become an issue which needs to be dealt with directly. Brexit is not a blow against globalisation per se. Labour does not stand the same category as capital, even though both are factors of production. Migration hurts when the economy is at a low ebb. Britain, along with other developed countries, faces a basic problem of coping with a growth potential which is far lower than the growth rate they had seen before 2008.
What has been the reason for the infuriation of the member countries of European Union?
The given sentence contains an error. Select the option that correctly rectifies the error.
Earlier, he was feeling better, but things took a turn for the bad.
The following sentence has been split into four segments. Identify the segment that contains a grammatical error.
She performed / the dance routine/perfect,/impressing everyone.
Parts of a sentence are given below in jumbled order. Select the option that arranges the parts in the correct order to form a meaningful sentence.
A. with the occult and the satanic which in turn, owes much also to
B. Poe's work owes much to the concern of Romanticism
C. shaping plausible fabrics out of impalpable materials
D. his own feverish dreams, to which he applied a rare faculty of
Parts of the following sentence have been given as options. Select the option that contains an error.
Shelley and Keats are great writers, but I prefer the last.
Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow.
In 1888, an Atlantic contributor made the case for a “science of names.”
"Parents are strangely careless and unscientific in giving names to children,” the contributor complained. “They forget that not only from the social point of view it is very advantageous to have one’s name remembered, but that from the business point of view notoriety is capital, and must be obtained by persistent and ingenious advertising.” Indeed, the contributor argued, a good name will give a child “a start in life equivalent to a cash capital of at least fifteen thousand dollars.” One way to ensure this head start? “Be guided by euphonic quality only.”
Although not all of this contributor’s guidance can or should still apply today, the importance of a name to a child’s identity has stayed front of mind for many parents. A name can determine whether a child fits in or stands out—and many parents differ on which of those outcomes is preferable.
Select the most appropriate word in the passage which means ‘pleasing and sweet sound’.
Choose the idiom phrase that can substitute the highlighted group of words meaningfully.
The look in his eyes shocks and scares me a lot.
Select the most appropriate option to fill in the blank.
Ours is _______ house of all the houses in our area.
Select the most appropriate option to fill in the blank.
There are rows of chairs on either side of the _______
Select the most appropriate meaning of the given idiom.
By the skin of your teeth
Comprehension:
In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Read the passage carefully and select the most appropriate option to fill in each blank.Effective communication is about more than just exchanging information. It's about understanding the emotion and intentions (1)______ clearly convey a message, you need to also (2)______ the information. As well as being able to in a way that gains the full meaning of what's being said and makes the other person feel heard and understood. For many of us, communicating more clearly and effectively requires learning some (3)_______ skills. Whether you're trying to improve communication with your spouse, kids, boss, or coworkers, learning these skills can (4)______ your connections to others, build greater trust and respect, and (5)_______teamwork, problem solving, and your overall social and emotional health.
Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 3.
Comprehension:
In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Read the passage carefully and select the most appropriate option to fill in each blank.
One of the most devastating periods in European history came (1)_____the fourteenth century, with the epidemic of bubonic plague, also known as the 'Great Plague' and later dubbed the 'Black Death'. At the time of its first pandemic, the bubonic plague was a terrifying disease, killing indiscriminately and (2)_____cities and towns devastated in its wake. It appeared to spread just by touching clothes and people who (3)_____healthy one day might be dead the next. Faced with such a mysterious and horrifying illness, many believed that this was a divine (4)_____for their sins. Researchers in Hong Kong at the end of the nineteenth century discovered that the disease is caused by the bacteria 'Yersinia Pestis'. Modern (5)_____practices and medicine have greatly subdued the impact of the bubonic plague, but have never completely eliminated it.
Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 2.
Select the option that can be used as a one-word substitute for the given group of words.
A lover of books
Select the option that can be used as a one-word substitute for the given group of words.
Having a consistency that does not easily yield to pressure
The following sentence has been split into four segments. Identify the segment that contains a grammatical error.
When Mayank came, / I shall go / with him to / the circus.
Select the most appropriate word to fill in the blank.
________ she was partly deaf, she was a gifted pianist.
Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow based on the information given in the passage.
IN GORILLA society, power belongs to silverback males. These splendid creatures have numerous status markers besides their back hair: they are bigger than the rest of their band, strike space-filling postures, produce deeper sounds, thump their chests lustily and, in general, exude an air of physical fitness. Things are not that different in the corporate world. The typical chief executive is more than six feet tall, has a deep voice, a good posture, a touch of grey in his thick, lustrous hair and, for his age, a fit body. Bosses spread themselves out behind their large desks. They stand tall when talking to subordinates. Their conversation is laden with prestige pauses and declarative statements. The big difference between gorillas and humans is, of course, that human society changes rapidly. The past few decades have seen a striking change in the distribution of power-between men and women, the West and the emerging world and geeks and non-geeks. Women run some of America's largest firms, such as General Motors (Mary Barra) and IBM (Virginia Rometty). More than half of the world's biggest 2,500 public companies have their headquarters outside the West. Geeks barely out of short trousers run some of the world's most dynamic businesses. Peter Thiel, one of Silicon Valley's leading investors, has introduced a blanket rule: never invest in a CEO who wears a suit. Yet it is remarkable, in this supposed age of diversity, how many bosses still conform to the stereotype. First, they are tall: in research for his 2005 book, "Blink", Malcolm Gladwell found that 30% of CEOs of Fortune 500 companies are 6 feet 2 inches or taller, compared with 3.9% of the American population. People who "sound right" also have a marked advantage in the race for the top. Quantified Communications, a Texas-based company, asked people to evaluate speeches delivered by 120 executives. They found that voice quality accounted for 23% of listeners' evaluations and the content of the speech only accounted for 11%. Academics from the business schools of the University of California, San Diego and Duke University listened to 792 male CEOs giving presentations to investors and found that those with the deepest voices earned $187,000 a year more than the average. Physical fitness seems to matter too: a study published this month, by Peter Limbach of the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology and Florian Sonnenburg of the University of Cologne, found that companies in America's S&P 1500 index whose CEOs had finished a marathon were worth 5% more on average than those whose bosses had not. Good posture makes people act like leaders as well as look like them: Amy Cuddy of Harvard Business School notes that the very act of standing tall, with your feet planted solidly and somewhat apart, your chest out and your shoulders back, boosts the supply of testosterone to the blood and lowers the supply of cortisol, a steroid associated with stress. (Unfortunately, this also increases the chance that you will make a risky bet.) Besides relying on all these supposedly positive indicators of fitness to lead, those who choose bosses also rely on some negative stereotypes. Overweight people-women especially are judged incapable of controlling themselves, let alone others. Those who "uptalk"-habitually ending their statements on a high note as if asking a question-rule themselves out on the grounds that they sound tentative and juvenile.
According to the passage what physical qualities are required to become CEO of a company?
Select the word segment that substitutes (replaces) the bracketed word segment correctly and completes the sentence meaningfully. Select the option 'no correction required' if the sentence is correct as given.
I got round into the High-street again, (a tiny after that pitfall), and felt myself in comparative security.
Select the INCORRECTLY spelt word.
Choose the word that can substitute the given group of words.
A person who leaves his native country to settle in another
Select the most appropriate ANTONYM of the Bold word.
His deliberate activities brought him fame.
Select the option that can be used as a one-word substitute for the given group of words.
Impossible to believe
Select the most appropriate idiom to fill in the blank.
I asked my friend to_______against her employers who are doing wrong to her.
Comprehension:
In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Read the passage carefully and select the most appropriate option to fill in each blank.
Ambition is a vital ingredient for success. Without ambition to push us, we will not be (1) ______ of great achievements. We all need that special something (2) _____ ourselves to give us the willpower to reach a higher goal (3)______ we imagine ourselves capable (4)______ Yet, ambition, (5)_______ money and fire, is a good servant, but a bad master.
Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 1.
Select the most appropriate word to fill in the blank.
My best friend always_____to me and is so non-judgmental.
Select the most appropriate meaning of the given idiom
It's a small world
Select the most appropriate option that can substitute the underlined segment in the given sentence. If there is no need to substitute it, select 'No substitution required'.
They have decorated their house nicely, didn't they?
Comprehension:
In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Read the passage carefully and select the most appropriate option to fill in each blank.
Fountains are used today to decorate city parks and squares; to honour individuals or events; for recreation (1)________ for entertainment. A splash pad or spray pool allows city residents to enter, get wet and cool off in summer. The musical fountain (2)________ moving jets of water, coloured lights and recorded music, controlled by a computer, for dramatic effects. Fountains can (3)________ also be musical instruments played (4)________ obstruction of one or more of their water jets. Drinking fountains provide fresh (5)________ in public buildings, parks and public spaces.
Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank no. 3.
Select the wrongly spelt word.
Select the most appropriate option that can substitute the underlined word in the following sentence.
The energetic kitten is playful after having his breakfast.
Select the option that can be used as a one-word substitute for the underlined segment.
The music filled the room with a lot of happiness, expressing joyful melodies that brought smiles to everyone's faces.
Comprehension:
In the given passage, four options are given for each blank. Select the most appropriate option to complete the given passage, which also fits contextually as per the word given in the bracket.
Climate change is a pressing global issue that demands immediate attention and action. The (1. seriousness) _____ of this problem can no longer be denied, as we witness more frequent and severe weather events. It is crucial to (2.discuss) ______ the causes of climate change, which primarily result from human activities such as the burning of fossil foels, deforestation, and industrial processes. To combat climate change, we must reduce our carbon (3.impression) ______ by transitioning to renewable energy sources, conserving forests, and adopting sustainable practices in (4, whole) _____ the sectors of the economy. Additionally, individual actions, such as reducing energy consumption and supporting environmentally friendly policies, play a vital role in addressing this global crisis. As the consequences of climate change become more evident, it is imperative that we (5. joint efforts) ______ as a society to protect our planet for future generations.
Fill in the blank (2) with the appropriate word from the options below:
Select the most appropriate synonym of the given word.
Intriguing
Select the option that can be used as a one-word substitute for the given group of words.
Killing of one's own father
In the following question, sentences are given with a part in bold. The given phrase in the bold may or may not contain an error. The options following can replace the incorrect phrase. The correct phrase that is to be replaced will be your answer. If the sentences are correct then select ‘No improvement required’ as your answer.
They recommend this book even though they himself had never read it.
Select the option that expresses the given sentence in active voice.
The bell is rung by the peon.
Comprehension:
In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Read the passage carefully and select the most appropriate option to fill in each blank.
Socrates is flying. No, he is (1) _______ . The wings behind him beat in a calming rhythm (2) _______ the cool air rushes past. His wings are all that matter, (3) _______ at the rushing wind like the sails of some great sea vessel, the feathery appendages all he is and all he will ever want to be. His back muscles flex with the (4) _______ that takes him high above the ground. He feels the effort, of course, but sweeping into the sky does not require much of one. The (5) _______ is pleasurable, even exhilarating. With flight there is freedom beyond description, an ecstasy bordering on emotional.
Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank no. 2
The following sentence has been split into four segments. Identify the segment that contains a grammatical error.
Sky appears blue / as it absorbs / all colours and / reflects only blue.
Comprehension:
In the following passage some words have been deleted. Read the passage carefully and select the most appropriate option to fill in each blank.
______ (1) university or college degree has long been the traditional hallmark of a _____ (2) candidate in the professional arena. While it historically provided the most widely accepted standard of qualification and skill for professionals, many companies today _______ ( 3) their hiring process and considering a broader list of criteria to judge a candidate's ability. Organisations are reducing their reliance on college degrees as a sole marker of competence and instead placing greater emphasis _______ (4) the practical skills candidates have acquired through work experience. This shift in hiring is of particular relevance to India, which has the _______ (5) youth population in the world.
Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 5.
Select the most appropriate ANTONYM of the given word.
Forthcoming
In each of the following sentence there are three blank spaces. Below each sentence there are five options and each option consists of three words which can be filled up in the blanks in the sentence to make the sentence grammatically correct.
Activists in the country have long protested its ____ society that essentially _____women from travelling, marrying or attending college without permission from a male relative, who is called their ______.
On October 29, 1929, Black Tuesday hit Wall Street as investors ______some 16 million shares on the New York Stock Exchange in a single day. Billions of dollars were lost, __________out thousands of investors. In the aftermath of Black Tuesday, America and the rest of the industrialized world _________downward into the Great Depression (1929-39), the deepest and longest-lasting economic ___________in the history of the Western industrialized world up to that time. During the 1920s, the U.S. stock market underwent rapid expansion, reaching its peak in August 1929, after a period of wild speculation. By then, production had already declined and unemployment had risen, leaving stocks in great excess of their real value. Among the other causes of the eventual market collapse were low wages, the ___________ of debt, a struggling agricultural sector and an excess of large bank loans that could not be liquidated. Stock prices began to decline in September and early October 1929, and on October 18 the fall began. Panic set in, and on October 24, Black Thursday, a record 12,894,650 shares were traded. Investment companies and leading bankers attempted to _________ the market by buying up great blocks of stock, producing a moderate rally on Friday.
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