English Mock Test 44 - TraineeMock

Comprehension:

In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Read the passage carefully and select the most appropriate option to fill in each blank.

Daniel talks to people about the right to life. He says, "We have the right to live in freedom and in safety!" but the people do not (1)______ and they say that the War is a big deal and it is not up to us nor up to the government. The government knows what to do and only the government can decide (2) ________ is best. And if the government says that there must be war.then it must be so. Daniel does not accept this and asks if there is a better solution As well wars end with agreements, can't we do the agreements without the fighting? Can't the government solve this (3) _______ ? Isn't that the reason we have a government in the first place? He decides to (4)_____ to people in his government. He decides to write them and let them know what he thinks. He knows one opinion does not matter much, but he also knows that if everyone in his own country and on the other side would do this, there will (5) ______ be no more wars.

Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 5.

Read the given passage carefully and answer the questions that follow.

There is a global growing demand and supply for organic foods. This has resulted from increased health awareness and food safety, a growing demand to protect the environment and animal welfare. The International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movement (IFOAM) defines organic production as a process “that relies on ecological processes, biodiversity and cycles adapted to local conditions rather than the use of inputs with adverse effects” (IFOAM, 2010). Marketing the product will provide the link that will satisfy both the demand and the supply. Thus marketing the products will provide the link between the producers and the consumers. While the marketing of these products is developed in the U.S.A, the Asian marketing is just developing. 

In most Asian countries, organic production is mainly for small farmers in order to assist them to be selfsufficient and improve the quality of the soil. It is mainly done for export. Organic food production in Asia is yet to develop. Though the Asian countries form 25 per cent of the members of (IFOAM) the area engaged in organic farming is still very small as by 2003 all the Asian countries had only utilised less than 1 per cent of all agricultural land in organic farming with the exception of China IFOAM, 2004). The local markets in Asia are not established and are only emerging. Marketing initiatives are in the process of being launched.

There are National Initiatives to develop the organic sector. There are initiatives by NGOs supporting to practice organic agriculture and training them on how to market organic food products. Most of the organic farming has support from the grassroots level. In most Asian countries there is a very rare national scale of organic production and only India has a government initiative. The Indian government (Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority (APFPEDA)) initiative is only meant to assist in exporting of the organic food and not to develop the domestic market. APFPEDA offers training to producers and certification agencies, research and development services: promoting certification programs, developing policies, improving the quality of services, promoting Indian organic foods.

The main challenges facing organic food marketing are the pricing competition and logistics arrangements. The organic foods have to compete with other non-organic foods in terms of pricing, varieties and the frequency of production. The organic food products are expensive to produce. Their infrastructure is yet to be developed and thus it is hard for marketing organisations to sell them at a competitive price. The organic food products are expensive both in the Asian countries and in the US. In US organic foods are 10 to 30 per cent more expensive than the conventional food products (Dimitri & Oberholtzer, 209).

There are ways to develop and help support marketing organisations for organic food products in Asia. The local initiatives should provide those strategies that eliminate intermediaries, thus reducing the prices of the products and thus encouraging more buyers, while at the same time promoting the producers. Any non-commercial external funding should be accompanied by organisations own increase in capital investment. This assures continuity after the external funding is pulled out. Most of the marketing organisations start small whereby some do not even have an office and operate from home. This may be satisfactory to start with, but as the company grows, it should have an official location of operation.

What is the synonym of the given word?

Adverse

Read the given passage carefully and answer the questions that follow.

There is a global growing demand and supply for organic foods. This has resulted from increased health awareness and food safety, a growing demand to protect the environment and animal welfare. The International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movement (IFOAM) defines organic production as a process “that relies on ecological processes, biodiversity and cycles adapted to local conditions rather than the use of inputs with adverse effects” (IFOAM, 2010). Marketing the product will provide the link that will satisfy both the demand and the supply. Thus marketing the products will provide the link between the producers and the consumers. While the marketing of these products is developed in the U.S.A, the Asian marketing is just developing. 

In most Asian countries, organic production is mainly for small farmers in order to assist them to be selfsufficient and improve the quality of the soil. It is mainly done for export. Organic food production in Asia is yet to develop. Though the Asian countries form 25 per cent of the members of (IFOAM) the area engaged in organic farming is still very small as by 2003 all the Asian countries had only utilised less than 1 per cent of all agricultural land in organic farming with the exception of China IFOAM, 2004). The local markets in Asia are not established and are only emerging. Marketing initiatives are in the process of being launched.

There are National Initiatives to develop the organic sector. There are initiatives by NGOs supporting to practice organic agriculture and training them on how to market organic food products. Most of the organic farming has support from the grassroots level. In most Asian countries there is a very rare national scale of organic production and only India has a government initiative. The Indian government (Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority (APFPEDA)) initiative is only meant to assist in exporting of the organic food and not to develop the domestic market. APFPEDA offers training to producers and certification agencies, research and development services: promoting certification programs, developing policies, improving the quality of services, promoting Indian organic foods.

The main challenges facing organic food marketing are the pricing competition and logistics arrangements. The organic foods have to compete with other non-organic foods in terms of pricing, varieties and the frequency of production. The organic food products are expensive to produce. Their infrastructure is yet to be developed and thus it is hard for marketing organisations to sell them at a competitive price. The organic food products are expensive both in the Asian countries and in the US. In US organic foods are 10 to 30 per cent more expensive than the conventional food products (Dimitri & Oberholtzer, 209).

There are ways to develop and help support marketing organisations for organic food products in Asia. The local initiatives should provide those strategies that eliminate intermediaries, thus reducing the prices of the products and thus encouraging more buyers, while at the same time promoting the producers. Any non-commercial external funding should be accompanied by organisations own increase in capital investment. This assures continuity after the external funding is pulled out. Most of the marketing organisations start small whereby some do not even have an office and operate from home. This may be satisfactory to start with, but as the company grows, it should have an official location of operation.

What is the antonym of the given word?

 Initiative

Read the given passage carefully and answer the questions that follow.

There is a global growing demand and supply for organic foods. This has resulted from increased health awareness and food safety, a growing demand to protect the environment and animal welfare. The International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movement (IFOAM) defines organic production as a process “that relies on ecological processes, biodiversity and cycles adapted to local conditions rather than the use of inputs with adverse effects” (IFOAM, 2010). Marketing the product will provide the link that will satisfy both the demand and the supply. Thus marketing the products will provide the link between the producers and the consumers. While the marketing of these products is developed in the U.S.A, the Asian marketing is just developing. 

In most Asian countries, organic production is mainly for small farmers in order to assist them to be selfsufficient and improve the quality of the soil. It is mainly done for export. Organic food production in Asia is yet to develop. Though the Asian countries form 25 per cent of the members of (IFOAM) the area engaged in organic farming is still very small as by 2003 all the Asian countries had only utilised less than 1 per cent of all agricultural land in organic farming with the exception of China IFOAM, 2004). The local markets in Asia are not established and are only emerging. Marketing initiatives are in the process of being launched.

There are National Initiatives to develop the organic sector. There are initiatives by NGOs supporting to practice organic agriculture and training them on how to market organic food products. Most of the organic farming has support from the grassroots level. In most Asian countries there is a very rare national scale of organic production and only India has a government initiative. The Indian government (Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority (APFPEDA)) initiative is only meant to assist in exporting of the organic food and not to develop the domestic market. APFPEDA offers training to producers and certification agencies, research and development services: promoting certification programs, developing policies, improving the quality of services, promoting Indian organic foods.

The main challenges facing organic food marketing are the pricing competition and logistics arrangements. The organic foods have to compete with other non-organic foods in terms of pricing, varieties and the frequency of production. The organic food products are expensive to produce. Their infrastructure is yet to be developed and thus it is hard for marketing organisations to sell them at a competitive price. The organic food products are expensive both in the Asian countries and in the US. In US organic foods are 10 to 30 per cent more expensive than the conventional food products (Dimitri & Oberholtzer, 209).

There are ways to develop and help support marketing organisations for organic food products in Asia. The local initiatives should provide those strategies that eliminate intermediaries, thus reducing the prices of the products and thus encouraging more buyers, while at the same time promoting the producers. Any non-commercial external funding should be accompanied by organisations own increase in capital investment. This assures continuity after the external funding is pulled out. Most of the marketing organisations start small whereby some do not even have an office and operate from home. This may be satisfactory to start with, but as the company grows, it should have an official location of operation.

Why is there an increase in the demand for organic products?

Read the given passage carefully and answer the questions that follow.

There is a global growing demand and supply for organic foods. This has resulted from increased health awareness and food safety, a growing demand to protect the environment and animal welfare. The International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movement (IFOAM) defines organic production as a process “that relies on ecological processes, biodiversity and cycles adapted to local conditions rather than the use of inputs with adverse effects” (IFOAM, 2010). Marketing the product will provide the link that will satisfy both the demand and the supply. Thus marketing the products will provide the link between the producers and the consumers. While the marketing of these products is developed in the U.S.A, the Asian marketing is just developing. 

In most Asian countries, organic production is mainly for small farmers in order to assist them to be selfsufficient and improve the quality of the soil. It is mainly done for export. Organic food production in Asia is yet to develop. Though the Asian countries form 25 per cent of the members of (IFOAM) the area engaged in organic farming is still very small as by 2003 all the Asian countries had only utilised less than 1 per cent of all agricultural land in organic farming with the exception of China IFOAM, 2004). The local markets in Asia are not established and are only emerging. Marketing initiatives are in the process of being launched.

There are National Initiatives to develop the organic sector. There are initiatives by NGOs supporting to practice organic agriculture and training them on how to market organic food products. Most of the organic farming has support from the grassroots level. In most Asian countries there is a very rare national scale of organic production and only India has a government initiative. The Indian government (Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority (APFPEDA)) initiative is only meant to assist in exporting of the organic food and not to develop the domestic market. APFPEDA offers training to producers and certification agencies, research and development services: promoting certification programs, developing policies, improving the quality of services, promoting Indian organic foods.

The main challenges facing organic food marketing are the pricing competition and logistics arrangements. The organic foods have to compete with other non-organic foods in terms of pricing, varieties and the frequency of production. The organic food products are expensive to produce. Their infrastructure is yet to be developed and thus it is hard for marketing organisations to sell them at a competitive price. The organic food products are expensive both in the Asian countries and in the US. In US organic foods are 10 to 30 per cent more expensive than the conventional food products (Dimitri & Oberholtzer, 209).

There are ways to develop and help support marketing organisations for organic food products in Asia. The local initiatives should provide those strategies that eliminate intermediaries, thus reducing the prices of the products and thus encouraging more buyers, while at the same time promoting the producers. Any non-commercial external funding should be accompanied by organisations own increase in capital investment. This assures continuity after the external funding is pulled out. Most of the marketing organisations start small whereby some do not even have an office and operate from home. This may be satisfactory to start with, but as the company grows, it should have an official location of operation.

What are the drawbacks of APFPEDA?

Read the given passage carefully and answer the questions that follow.

There is a global growing demand and supply for organic foods. This has resulted from increased health awareness and food safety, a growing demand to protect the environment and animal welfare. The International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movement (IFOAM) defines organic production as a process “that relies on ecological processes, biodiversity and cycles adapted to local conditions rather than the use of inputs with adverse effects” (IFOAM, 2010). Marketing the product will provide the link that will satisfy both the demand and the supply. Thus marketing the products will provide the link between the producers and the consumers. While the marketing of these products is developed in the U.S.A, the Asian marketing is just developing. 

In most Asian countries, organic production is mainly for small farmers in order to assist them to be selfsufficient and improve the quality of the soil. It is mainly done for export. Organic food production in Asia is yet to develop. Though the Asian countries form 25 per cent of the members of (IFOAM) the area engaged in organic farming is still very small as by 2003 all the Asian countries had only utilised less than 1 per cent of all agricultural land in organic farming with the exception of China IFOAM, 2004). The local markets in Asia are not established and are only emerging. Marketing initiatives are in the process of being launched.

There are National Initiatives to develop the organic sector. There are initiatives by NGOs supporting to practice organic agriculture and training them on how to market organic food products. Most of the organic farming has support from the grassroots level. In most Asian countries there is a very rare national scale of organic production and only India has a government initiative. The Indian government (Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority (APFPEDA)) initiative is only meant to assist in exporting of the organic food and not to develop the domestic market. APFPEDA offers training to producers and certification agencies, research and development services: promoting certification programs, developing policies, improving the quality of services, promoting Indian organic foods.

The main challenges facing organic food marketing are the pricing competition and logistics arrangements. The organic foods have to compete with other non-organic foods in terms of pricing, varieties and the frequency of production. The organic food products are expensive to produce. Their infrastructure is yet to be developed and thus it is hard for marketing organisations to sell them at a competitive price. The organic food products are expensive both in the Asian countries and in the US. In US organic foods are 10 to 30 per cent more expensive than the conventional food products (Dimitri & Oberholtzer, 209).

There are ways to develop and help support marketing organisations for organic food products in Asia. The local initiatives should provide those strategies that eliminate intermediaries, thus reducing the prices of the products and thus encouraging more buyers, while at the same time promoting the producers. Any non-commercial external funding should be accompanied by organisations own increase in capital investment. This assures continuity after the external funding is pulled out. Most of the marketing organisations start small whereby some do not even have an office and operate from home. This may be satisfactory to start with, but as the company grows, it should have an official location of operation.

What is the synonym of the given word?

Eliminate

Read the given passage carefully and answer the questions that follow.

There is a global growing demand and supply for organic foods. This has resulted from increased health awareness and food safety, a growing demand to protect the environment and animal welfare. The International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movement (IFOAM) defines organic production as a process “that relies on ecological processes, biodiversity and cycles adapted to local conditions rather than the use of inputs with adverse effects” (IFOAM, 2010). Marketing the product will provide the link that will satisfy both the demand and the supply. Thus marketing the products will provide the link between the producers and the consumers. While the marketing of these products is developed in the U.S.A, the Asian marketing is just developing. 

In most Asian countries, organic production is mainly for small farmers in order to assist them to be selfsufficient and improve the quality of the soil. It is mainly done for export. Organic food production in Asia is yet to develop. Though the Asian countries form 25 per cent of the members of (IFOAM) the area engaged in organic farming is still very small as by 2003 all the Asian countries had only utilised less than 1 per cent of all agricultural land in organic farming with the exception of China IFOAM, 2004). The local markets in Asia are not established and are only emerging. Marketing initiatives are in the process of being launched.

There are National Initiatives to develop the organic sector. There are initiatives by NGOs supporting to practice organic agriculture and training them on how to market organic food products. Most of the organic farming has support from the grassroots level. In most Asian countries there is a very rare national scale of organic production and only India has a government initiative. The Indian government (Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority (APFPEDA)) initiative is only meant to assist in exporting of the organic food and not to develop the domestic market. APFPEDA offers training to producers and certification agencies, research and development services: promoting certification programs, developing policies, improving the quality of services, promoting Indian organic foods.

The main challenges facing organic food marketing are the pricing competition and logistics arrangements. The organic foods have to compete with other non-organic foods in terms of pricing, varieties and the frequency of production. The organic food products are expensive to produce. Their infrastructure is yet to be developed and thus it is hard for marketing organisations to sell them at a competitive price. The organic food products are expensive both in the Asian countries and in the US. In US organic foods are 10 to 30 per cent more expensive than the conventional food products (Dimitri & Oberholtzer, 209).

There are ways to develop and help support marketing organisations for organic food products in Asia. The local initiatives should provide those strategies that eliminate intermediaries, thus reducing the prices of the products and thus encouraging more buyers, while at the same time promoting the producers. Any non-commercial external funding should be accompanied by organisations own increase in capital investment. This assures continuity after the external funding is pulled out. Most of the marketing organisations start small whereby some do not even have an office and operate from home. This may be satisfactory to start with, but as the company grows, it should have an official location of operation.

According to International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movement (IFOAM), what is organic production?

Read the given passage carefully and answer the questions that follow.

There is a global growing demand and supply for organic foods. This has resulted from increased health awareness and food safety, a growing demand to protect the environment and animal welfare. The International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movement (IFOAM) defines organic production as a process “that relies on ecological processes, biodiversity and cycles adapted to local conditions rather than the use of inputs with adverse effects” (IFOAM, 2010). Marketing the product will provide the link that will satisfy both the demand and the supply. Thus marketing the products will provide the link between the producers and the consumers. While the marketing of these products is developed in the U.S.A, the Asian marketing is just developing. 

In most Asian countries, organic production is mainly for small farmers in order to assist them to be selfsufficient and improve the quality of the soil. It is mainly done for export. Organic food production in Asia is yet to develop. Though the Asian countries form 25 per cent of the members of (IFOAM) the area engaged in organic farming is still very small as by 2003 all the Asian countries had only utilised less than 1 per cent of all agricultural land in organic farming with the exception of China IFOAM, 2004). The local markets in Asia are not established and are only emerging. Marketing initiatives are in the process of being launched.

There are National Initiatives to develop the organic sector. There are initiatives by NGOs supporting to practice organic agriculture and training them on how to market organic food products. Most of the organic farming has support from the grassroots level. In most Asian countries there is a very rare national scale of organic production and only India has a government initiative. The Indian government (Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority (APFPEDA)) initiative is only meant to assist in exporting of the organic food and not to develop the domestic market. APFPEDA offers training to producers and certification agencies, research and development services: promoting certification programs, developing policies, improving the quality of services, promoting Indian organic foods.

The main challenges facing organic food marketing are the pricing competition and logistics arrangements. The organic foods have to compete with other non-organic foods in terms of pricing, varieties and the frequency of production. The organic food products are expensive to produce. Their infrastructure is yet to be developed and thus it is hard for marketing organisations to sell them at a competitive price. The organic food products are expensive both in the Asian countries and in the US. In US organic foods are 10 to 30 per cent more expensive than the conventional food products (Dimitri & Oberholtzer, 209).

There are ways to develop and help support marketing organisations for organic food products in Asia. The local initiatives should provide those strategies that eliminate intermediaries, thus reducing the prices of the products and thus encouraging more buyers, while at the same time promoting the producers. Any non-commercial external funding should be accompanied by organisations own increase in capital investment. This assures continuity after the external funding is pulled out. Most of the marketing organisations start small whereby some do not even have an office and operate from home. This may be satisfactory to start with, but as the company grows, it should have an official location of operation.

What is the status of the marketing of organic products in Asia?

Read the given passage carefully and answer the questions that follow.

There is a global growing demand and supply for organic foods. This has resulted from increased health awareness and food safety, a growing demand to protect the environment and animal welfare. The International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movement (IFOAM) defines organic production as a process “that relies on ecological processes, biodiversity and cycles adapted to local conditions rather than the use of inputs with adverse effects” (IFOAM, 2010). Marketing the product will provide the link that will satisfy both the demand and the supply. Thus marketing the products will provide the link between the producers and the consumers. While the marketing of these products is developed in the U.S.A, the Asian marketing is just developing. 

In most Asian countries, organic production is mainly for small farmers in order to assist them to be selfsufficient and improve the quality of the soil. It is mainly done for export. Organic food production in Asia is yet to develop. Though the Asian countries form 25 per cent of the members of (IFOAM) the area engaged in organic farming is still very small as by 2003 all the Asian countries had only utilised less than 1 per cent of all agricultural land in organic farming with the exception of China IFOAM, 2004). The local markets in Asia are not established and are only emerging. Marketing initiatives are in the process of being launched.

There are National Initiatives to develop the organic sector. There are initiatives by NGOs supporting to practice organic agriculture and training them on how to market organic food products. Most of the organic farming has support from the grassroots level. In most Asian countries there is a very rare national scale of organic production and only India has a government initiative. The Indian government (Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority (APFPEDA)) initiative is only meant to assist in exporting of the organic food and not to develop the domestic market. APFPEDA offers training to producers and certification agencies, research and development services: promoting certification programs, developing policies, improving the quality of services, promoting Indian organic foods.

The main challenges facing organic food marketing are the pricing competition and logistics arrangements. The organic foods have to compete with other non-organic foods in terms of pricing, varieties and the frequency of production. The organic food products are expensive to produce. Their infrastructure is yet to be developed and thus it is hard for marketing organisations to sell them at a competitive price. The organic food products are expensive both in the Asian countries and in the US. In US organic foods are 10 to 30 per cent more expensive than the conventional food products (Dimitri & Oberholtzer, 209).

There are ways to develop and help support marketing organisations for organic food products in Asia. The local initiatives should provide those strategies that eliminate intermediaries, thus reducing the prices of the products and thus encouraging more buyers, while at the same time promoting the producers. Any non-commercial external funding should be accompanied by organisations own increase in capital investment. This assures continuity after the external funding is pulled out. Most of the marketing organisations start small whereby some do not even have an office and operate from home. This may be satisfactory to start with, but as the company grows, it should have an official location of operation.

What are the reasons for the undergrowth of organic product markets in Asia?

Read the given passage carefully and answer the questions that follow.

There is a global growing demand and supply for organic foods. This has resulted from increased health awareness and food safety, a growing demand to protect the environment and animal welfare. The International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movement (IFOAM) defines organic production as a process “that relies on ecological processes, biodiversity and cycles adapted to local conditions rather than the use of inputs with adverse effects” (IFOAM, 2010). Marketing the product will provide the link that will satisfy both the demand and the supply. Thus marketing the products will provide the link between the producers and the consumers. While the marketing of these products is developed in the U.S.A, the Asian marketing is just developing. 

In most Asian countries, organic production is mainly for small farmers in order to assist them to be selfsufficient and improve the quality of the soil. It is mainly done for export. Organic food production in Asia is yet to develop. Though the Asian countries form 25 per cent of the members of (IFOAM) the area engaged in organic farming is still very small as by 2003 all the Asian countries had only utilised less than 1 per cent of all agricultural land in organic farming with the exception of China IFOAM, 2004). The local markets in Asia are not established and are only emerging. Marketing initiatives are in the process of being launched.

There are National Initiatives to develop the organic sector. There are initiatives by NGOs supporting to practice organic agriculture and training them on how to market organic food products. Most of the organic farming has support from the grassroots level. In most Asian countries there is a very rare national scale of organic production and only India has a government initiative. The Indian government (Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority (APFPEDA)) initiative is only meant to assist in exporting of the organic food and not to develop the domestic market. APFPEDA offers training to producers and certification agencies, research and development services: promoting certification programs, developing policies, improving the quality of services, promoting Indian organic foods.

The main challenges facing organic food marketing are the pricing competition and logistics arrangements. The organic foods have to compete with other non-organic foods in terms of pricing, varieties and the frequency of production. The organic food products are expensive to produce. Their infrastructure is yet to be developed and thus it is hard for marketing organisations to sell them at a competitive price. The organic food products are expensive both in the Asian countries and in the US. In US organic foods are 10 to 30 per cent more expensive than the conventional food products (Dimitri & Oberholtzer, 209).

There are ways to develop and help support marketing organisations for organic food products in Asia. The local initiatives should provide those strategies that eliminate intermediaries, thus reducing the prices of the products and thus encouraging more buyers, while at the same time promoting the producers. Any non-commercial external funding should be accompanied by organisations own increase in capital investment. This assures continuity after the external funding is pulled out. Most of the marketing organisations start small whereby some do not even have an office and operate from home. This may be satisfactory to start with, but as the company grows, it should have an official location of operation.

What are the challenges faced by organic food marketing?

Read the given passage carefully and answer the questions that follow.

There is a global growing demand and supply for organic foods. This has resulted from increased health awareness and food safety, a growing demand to protect the environment and animal welfare. The International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movement (IFOAM) defines organic production as a process “that relies on ecological processes, biodiversity and cycles adapted to local conditions rather than the use of inputs with adverse effects” (IFOAM, 2010). Marketing the product will provide the link that will satisfy both the demand and the supply. Thus marketing the products will provide the link between the producers and the consumers. While the marketing of these products is developed in the U.S.A, the Asian marketing is just developing. 

In most Asian countries, organic production is mainly for small farmers in order to assist them to be selfsufficient and improve the quality of the soil. It is mainly done for export. Organic food production in Asia is yet to develop. Though the Asian countries form 25 per cent of the members of (IFOAM) the area engaged in organic farming is still very small as by 2003 all the Asian countries had only utilised less than 1 per cent of all agricultural land in organic farming with the exception of China IFOAM, 2004). The local markets in Asia are not established and are only emerging. Marketing initiatives are in the process of being launched.

There are National Initiatives to develop the organic sector. There are initiatives by NGOs supporting to practice organic agriculture and training them on how to market organic food products. Most of the organic farming has support from the grassroots level. In most Asian countries there is a very rare national scale of organic production and only India has a government initiative. The Indian government (Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority (APFPEDA)) initiative is only meant to assist in exporting of the organic food and not to develop the domestic market. APFPEDA offers training to producers and certification agencies, research and development services: promoting certification programs, developing policies, improving the quality of services, promoting Indian organic foods.

The main challenges facing organic food marketing are the pricing competition and logistics arrangements. The organic foods have to compete with other non-organic foods in terms of pricing, varieties and the frequency of production. The organic food products are expensive to produce. Their infrastructure is yet to be developed and thus it is hard for marketing organisations to sell them at a competitive price. The organic food products are expensive both in the Asian countries and in the US. In US organic foods are 10 to 30 per cent more expensive than the conventional food products (Dimitri & Oberholtzer, 209).

There are ways to develop and help support marketing organisations for organic food products in Asia. The local initiatives should provide those strategies that eliminate intermediaries, thus reducing the prices of the products and thus encouraging more buyers, while at the same time promoting the producers. Any non-commercial external funding should be accompanied by organisations own increase in capital investment. This assures continuity after the external funding is pulled out. Most of the marketing organisations start small whereby some do not even have an office and operate from home. This may be satisfactory to start with, but as the company grows, it should have an official location of operation.

What are some of the ways to develop and help support marketing organisations for organic food products in Asia?

Direction: The given sentence is divided into four parts: A, B, C, and D. Choose the part that contains an error as your answer. If the sentence is error-free, mark E i.e. No error as your answer.

The father was (A)/ overwhelmed for joy (B)/ at the success (C)/ of his only son. (D)/ No error (E)

Direction: The given sentence is divided into four parts: A, B, C, and D. Choose the part that contains an error as your answer. If the sentence is error-free, mark E i.e. No error as your answer.

He is the most (A)/ intelligent and also (B)/ the very talented student (C)/ of the college. (D)/ No error (E).

Direction: The given sentence is divided into four parts: A, B, C, and D. Choose the part that contains an error as your answer. If the sentence is error-free, mark E i.e. No error as your answer.

You should gone (A)/ for learning new (B)/ skills on this vacation (C)/ to utilize your time. (D)/ No Error(E)

Direction: The given sentence is divided into four parts: A, B, C, and D. Choose the part that contains an error as your answer. If the sentence is error-free, mark E i.e. No error as your answer.

He's a honorable man (A)/ who respects everyone (B)/ and gets respect (C)/ from everyone in society. (D)/ No Error (E)

Directions: Given below are five scattered segments of a sentence. Indicate the correct sequence that correctly assembles the segments and makes a coherent sentence.

A. camaraderie of fellow morning walkers

B. it's about immersing in nature's beauty,

C. observing changing weather patterns,

D. and finding happiness in the

E. the joy of walking transcends mere exercise; 

Directions: Given below are five scattered segments of a sentence. Indicate the correct sequence that correctly assembles the segments and makes a coherent sentence.

A. social media, inundated with

B. as a breeding ground for misinformation,

C. poses mental health risks and serves

D. exacerbating collective anxiety and polarization

E. raw footage of conflicts, 

Directions: Given below are five scattered segments of a sentence. Indicate the correct sequence that correctly assembles the segments and makes a coherent sentence.

A. for raising living standards in India,

B. address income inequality and

 C. an exclusive focus on size may not

 D. while economic growth is vital

E. could lead to undesirable outcomes

Directions: Given below are five scattered segments of a sentence. Indicate the correct sequence that correctly assembles the segments and makes a coherent sentence.

A. to become a semiconductor powerhouse

B. India's $10 billion Semicon India Program

C. build supply chain resilience,

D. and leverage its design prowess

E. strives to reduce semiconductor import dependence, 

Directions: Select the phrase from the options below that should replace the underlined phrase in the sentence to make it grammatically correct. If the sentence is already correct, select 'No correction required' as your answer.

The museum was so interesting that we could have spend all day there.

Directions: Select the phrase from the options below that should replace the underlined phrase in the sentence to make it grammatically correct. If the sentence is already correct, select 'No correction required' as your answer.

For the past several years, our organization has been instrumental and we have putted a significant effort into promoting sustainable practices.

Directions: In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Select the most appropriate option to fill in each blank.

Reports in recent weeks suggest that Russian intelligence gravely miscalculated the Ukrainian ___(1)___ before the war. When the Kyiv regime stayed put in the face of Russia’s multi-axis assault, the Russian generals had to change their ___(2)___, from lightning strikes across the country to a focused ground invasion in the east. Even that was made complicated by Ukraine’s resistance, which got military and financial ___(3)___ from the West. As the war dragged on, the West’s ___(4)___ to punish Russia only hardened, leading to crippling sanctions on the Russian economy. So, Mr. Putin is now in a spot, despite the limited battlefield gains of his troops: managing the sanctions-hit economy itself is a tall task; continuing the war would be costly, and there is no ___(5)___ that he would meet his strategic goals through a long-term war. And for Ukraine, despite its resistance capabilities and the support from the West, taking back territories using force remains ___(6)___. So, to break the ___(7)___, what both sides can do is agree to a ceasefire and start direct talks seeking a political solution. The UN and Turkey-mediated talks that saw a ___(8)___ in July in shipping grain from Ukraine’s ports via the Black Sea are a model worth being followed. Regional players with communication lines open to Moscow and Kyiv should ___(9)___ them to come to the table. If a war of ___(10)___ is allowed to grind on, it would continue to hurt all stakeholders, besides holding the global economy hostage.

Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 1.

Directions: In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Select the most appropriate option to fill in each blank.

Reports in recent weeks suggest that Russian intelligence gravely miscalculated the Ukrainian ___(1)___ before the war. When the Kyiv regime stayed put in the face of Russia’s multi-axis assault, the Russian generals had to change their ___(2)___, from lightning strikes across the country to a focused ground invasion in the east. Even that was made complicated by Ukraine’s resistance, which got military and financial ___(3)___ from the West. As the war dragged on, the West’s ___(4)___ to punish Russia only hardened, leading to crippling sanctions on the Russian economy. So, Mr. Putin is now in a spot, despite the limited battlefield gains of his troops: managing the sanctions-hit economy itself is a tall task; continuing the war would be costly, and there is no ___(5)___ that he would meet his strategic goals through a long-term war. And for Ukraine, despite its resistance capabilities and the support from the West, taking back territories using force remains ___(6)___. So, to break the ___(7)___, what both sides can do is agree to a ceasefire and start direct talks seeking a political solution. The UN and Turkey-mediated talks that saw a ___(8)___ in July in shipping grain from Ukraine’s ports via the Black Sea are a model worth being followed. Regional players with communication lines open to Moscow and Kyiv should ___(9)___ them to come to the table. If a war of ___(10)___ is allowed to grind on, it would continue to hurt all stakeholders, besides holding the global economy hostage.

Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 2.

Directions: In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Select the most appropriate option to fill in each blank.

Reports in recent weeks suggest that Russian intelligence gravely miscalculated the Ukrainian ___(1)___ before the war. When the Kyiv regime stayed put in the face of Russia’s multi-axis assault, the Russian generals had to change their ___(2)___, from lightning strikes across the country to a focused ground invasion in the east. Even that was made complicated by Ukraine’s resistance, which got military and financial ___(3)___ from the West. As the war dragged on, the West’s ___(4)___ to punish Russia only hardened, leading to crippling sanctions on the Russian economy. So, Mr. Putin is now in a spot, despite the limited battlefield gains of his troops: managing the sanctions-hit economy itself is a tall task; continuing the war would be costly, and there is no ___(5)___ that he would meet his strategic goals through a long-term war. And for Ukraine, despite its resistance capabilities and the support from the West, taking back territories using force remains ___(6)___. So, to break the ___(7)___, what both sides can do is agree to a ceasefire and start direct talks seeking a political solution. The UN and Turkey-mediated talks that saw a ___(8)___ in July in shipping grain from Ukraine’s ports via the Black Sea are a model worth being followed. Regional players with communication lines open to Moscow and Kyiv should ___(9)___ them to come to the table. If a war of ___(10)___ is allowed to grind on, it would continue to hurt all stakeholders, besides holding the global economy hostage.

Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 3.

Directions: In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Select the most appropriate option to fill in each blank.

Reports in recent weeks suggest that Russian intelligence gravely miscalculated the Ukrainian ___(1)___ before the war. When the Kyiv regime stayed put in the face of Russia’s multi-axis assault, the Russian generals had to change their ___(2)___, from lightning strikes across the country to a focused ground invasion in the east. Even that was made complicated by Ukraine’s resistance, which got military and financial ___(3)___ from the West. As the war dragged on, the West’s ___(4)___ to punish Russia only hardened, leading to crippling sanctions on the Russian economy. So, Mr. Putin is now in a spot, despite the limited battlefield gains of his troops: managing the sanctions-hit economy itself is a tall task; continuing the war would be costly, and there is no ___(5)___ that he would meet his strategic goals through a long-term war. And for Ukraine, despite its resistance capabilities and the support from the West, taking back territories using force remains ___(6)___. So, to break the ___(7)___, what both sides can do is agree to a ceasefire and start direct talks seeking a political solution. The UN and Turkey-mediated talks that saw a ___(8)___ in July in shipping grain from Ukraine’s ports via the Black Sea are a model worth being followed. Regional players with communication lines open to Moscow and Kyiv should ___(9)___ them to come to the table. If a war of ___(10)___ is allowed to grind on, it would continue to hurt all stakeholders, besides holding the global economy hostage.

Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 4.